Last
few decades have overseen a rapid increase in the use of medical imaging, thus
a significant high demand of radiological contrast media. Though contrast media manufacturers and
contrast media suppliers are offering generally safe contrast media agents but
they are not fully risk free. They may result in minor side effect such allergies
or rashes, but if patient’s condition is not taken care of while imaging,
severe side effects may also occur.
Barium sulfate is often used for opacification of the
gastrointestinal tract but should be avoided if suspicion of bowel perforation
is there. This agent can also result in pneumonia or acute respiratory distress
if used in large amount. Some contrast media agents can cause severe pulmonary
edema. Iodinated contrast material are known to cross the human placenta thus
should be avoided in pregnant women. Though there are no clear effect of many
contrast agents evident lactating mother can avoid breast feeding if they have
used any contrast media agent. Use of contrast media in children should be
controlled and carefully done to avoid any severe side effect as their effect
on children are not evident.
Although most of the radiological contrast media are
considered safe they can cause side effects. Proper screening of patients and
appropriate measures can limit these adverse effects. Radiologist should be
well versed with potential adverse effects of contrast media being used and
strategies to combat them. Immediate recognition of problem can lead to timely
treatment.
